Archive for the ‘Technical’ Category

Boot Up Windows XP Faster Than Ever

Saturday, November 15th, 2008

Hello Everybody !

The delay in start-up time of operating system is quite a normal thing that we often see in our office or at home. After a fresh installation, the OS works fine and faster but as we install more softwares and the deposition of temporary files increases (other factors are also included), we find that the system takes a long time to start and ready for work. There are some simple tweaks to make XP start faster but most of us don’t know as this is a subject where even sky is not the limit and no one can know the whole. Lets start to rock with faster XP -


1.Disable unneeded devices in device manager

A quick fix that can make XP boot faster is to disable any unused devices in the Windows XP device manager. For example if you do not use a floppy drive on your system, it pays to disable these devices in device manager.

To disable unneeded devices in device manager:

Right click on ‘my computer’ and select ‘properties.’ From the ‘hardware’ tab, select ‘device manager.’ Expand the various categories to locate unused devices. Right click the devices and select ‘disable.’


2.Disable auto detection for empty IDE slots

Another quick trick for a faster boot up is to disable the auto detection that Windows XP uses to determine if there are IDE devices present in any of the IDE slots on the motherboard. More specifically, disable this feature on any empty slots to prevent the operating system wasting time and resources checking them.

Right click on ‘my computer’ and select ‘properties.’ Go to the ‘hardware’ tab and select ‘device manager’ to open the device management window.

Expand ‘IDE ATA/ATAPI controllers’ and highlight the ‘primary IDE channel.’ Right click the highlighted entry and select ‘properties.’ Go to the ‘advanced settings’ tab.

If either IDE slot on the controller is empty, the ‘device type’ dropdown box will be not grayed out. Set it to ‘none’ to disable auto detection of IDE devices on that particular slot.

Repeat the above steps for the ’secondary IDE controller.’

3.Reduce wait time after XP boots

A common performance problem with Windows XP is ’start lag,’ in which the operating system boots up normally, the desktop is visible and usable, but programs will not start, and selecting icons and using the start menu are extremely slow. This can take anywhere from a few seconds to a couple of minutes to clear up, and can make using the operating system extremely frustrating, especially if you are in a hurry after the reboot.

This delay is generally caused by Windows XP’s networking services looking for other computers and advertising their functions over the computer’s network connections.

If this problem is driving you nuts, there is a way to reduce or eliminate the delay, though if you are attached to a home network, it will reduce your computer’s functionality on that network.

If your computer is not attached to a home network:

Right click on ‘my computer’ and select ‘manage.’
Expand ’services and applications‘ and select ’services’ to open the services window.
Highlight the ‘workstation’ service, right click and select ‘properties.’
Set the ’startup type’ dropdown box to ‘disabled.’ Click ‘ok.’
Note that you will need to re-enable the workstation service should you wish to network your PC in the future.

If your computer is part of a home network:

Go to ’start\control panel\network and internet connections\network connections.’

Right click your current network connection (should be ‘local area connection’ unless you have more than one network adaptor) and select ‘properties.’
Uncheck the ‘File and Print Sharing’ box and press ‘ok.’
Note that this will disable your computer’s ability to share files and printer over the network, though it should not affect your ability to access such resources on another system.


4.Change boot sequence

An easy and effective way of speeding up your loading time is to change the boot sequence in the BIOS. By altering this sequence so that your system hard drive is the first device the computer attempts to boot from, you save the precious seconds needed for the computer to check other devices for bootable media. If you wish to boot the system from a CD or floppy, you will need to change the order in the BIOS again, however.

Some BIOS versions include a menu that can be accessed from the POST which allows the user to choose the device he or she wishes to boot from. To do this, go to the ‘advanced BIOS features’ section of the BIOS and change the ‘first boot device’ setting to ‘hard disk 0.’


5.Disable the XP loading screen

To speed up your boot process slightly, disable the Windows XP loading screen. This can be accomplished easily by opening the MSCONFIG utility (’start\run and type msconfig’), selecting the ‘boot.ini’ tab and checking the /NOGUIBOOT option.

When you boot your system, you will see a black screen in between POST (Power on Self Test) and the welcome screen from now on.


6.Turn off BIOS disk detection

Most modern motherboards will attempt to detect any IDE devices, such as hard drives and CD drives, during the POST sequence each time the computer boots. By configuring the BIOS with the correct drive information, you can save a few seconds off your boot time by avoiding this detection process.

To do this enter your system’s BIOS setup screen.

Depending on your motherboard, you may have an IDE drive auto-detection menu. If you do, simply select it to automatically set your drives. If not, configure the drives through the ’standard CMOS settings’ menu.

Note that some motherboard chipsets (like Nvidia’s Nforce 2) do not allow this auto-detection to be disabled.

Note : Kindly note that these tweaks can’t be done if you are working in a Windows Limited User Account. Administrator’s privilage is strictly required. You may consult your System Administrator for these tweaks.

Desktop configuration at Grmtech

Thursday, November 6th, 2008

The configuration of the software image:
OS: Win XP Pro with SP3

Organization of the Start->All Programs menu

1. Accessories -> Windows Standard accessories

2. Start up -> Use run->msconfig->startup to make sure that ONLY the following two softwares are getting loaded during start up:
a. spark
b. Norton Anti Virus 2009

3. Communication ->
1. Browsers a. Firefox version 3.0.6 b. IE (7.0) c. Chrome d. Opera(9.63)
2. Text Instant Messenger a. Spark (version 2.5.8) b. Google talk
3. Video and Voice chat a. Skype Version 4.0.0.206
4. Access Remote desktop a. VNC viewer(1.0.5.3) b. Windows Remote desktop connection client
5. Share screen a. Camtasia Studio (version 6.0.0)
7. Windows live sync

4. Utilities ->
1. PDF management a. Foxit PDF reader (version3.0.1301) b. PDF 995 c. Foxit PDF editor
2. ZIP file management a. Alzip (Version 7.0 beta 1)
3. Document management a. Paperport (Version 11)
4. Fax management a. efax messenger (Version 4.4.0.514)
5. Security management : Norton Anti virus 2009
6. Download Accelerator Plus (version 9.0.0.7)
7. WordWeb (Version 5.52)

5. Multimedia -> 1. VLC media player Version 0.9.8a 2. Windows Media Player

6. Microsoft Office -> 1. Word  2. Excel 3. Powerpoint (version office 2003)
The proofing tool should be installed from shared component.

7. Development -> 1. NuSphere PhpED (Version 5.2) 2. Putty 3. WinSCP (Version 4.1.8) 4. Webdrive (Version 8.22.2090) 5. ImgBurn (Version 2.4.2.0) 6. Dreamweaver (version 8 ) (We are not installing CS4, because it’s a very heavy application & the lighter version 8 is fulfilling the requirements.) 7. Daemon tools lite (Version 4.30.3)

user accounts
administrator / ******

Workgroup
grmtech

Size of image:
40 GB

Application specific Config
Firefox
1. Downloads go to dekstop/browser-downloads. This is configured using tools -> options -> main
2. Reducing the memory used by firefox. Follow the steps listed on: http://blog.codefront.net/2008/09/10/optimize-firefoxs-memory-usage-by-tweaking-session-preferences/

browser.sessionhistory.max_entries = 1
browser.sessionhistory.max_total_viewers = 1
browser.sessionstore.max_tabs_undo = 1
browser.sessionstore.interval = 1000000 milliseconds. = 1000 seconds.

network.http.max-connections = 48
network.http.max-connections-per-server = 24
network.http.max-persistent-connections-per-proxy = 12
network.http.max-persistent-connections-per-server = 6
network.http.pipelining = “true”
network.http.pipelining.maxrequests = 32
browser.cache.disk.capacity = 8192
network.http.pipelining.ssl = “true”
network.http.proxy.pipelining = “true”
nglayout.initialpaint.delay = 0
(If it does not exit, this entry has to be created by rightclicking anywhere and selecting new>Integer)
network.dns.disableIPv6 = “true”
image.animation_mode = “once”
network.prefetch-next = “false

3. Disable “Google update” firefox plugin (Tools>Add-ons>Plugins>Google Update>Disable).
4. Disable java from tools>option>content.

Icons on the Desktop
1. Recycle bin 2. browser-downloads

UltraVNC
UltraVNC server should be running in all computers. UltraVNC will be used to access remote desktop utilizing port-forwarding through our 1 Mbps internet connection (dedicated for external access). The workstations will be accessible with the port forwarding as 100+n (’n’ being the ws no.).

Putty
Has two saved session the names are:
root@www.grmtech.com:99
root@1.iss.ao.grmtech.com:99

Spark
1. Set to auto login and remember password

Windows OS
A. take the steps listed in http://www.grmtech.com/blog/boot-up-windows-xp-faster-than-ever/
B. The desktop background will be “Grmtech wallpaper”
C. Control panel -> Power options -> Grmtech power scheme
Grmtech power scheme is defined as:
Turn off monitor: After 2 minutes
Turn off hard disk: After 5 minutes
System standby: After 10 minutes
D. In security center make sure that the firewall is turned on.
Also in the exception list only the following applications should be allowed:
1. skype
2. Symantec service framework

Camtasia Studio
1. Launch on startup -> is checked off.

Windows and Other software’s Auto Update Policy
Make sure windows and all other software’s are set to non auto update. All updates will be rolled out when the new disk image of the OS is rolled out.

Options in the quick launch bar:
1. Show desktop
2. Windows explorer
3. Firefox
4. Putty

Taskbar properties
1. Right click on it and choose lock the taskbar.

Mozilla addons
1. Colorzilla
2. Firebug
3. Googlebar lite
4. Live HTTP Headers
5. MeasureIt
6. Scrapbook
7. Web Developer
*All add-ons are disabled by default

Mozilla plugins
1. Flash

Other steps we are taking to improve performance:
1. use msconfig to disable as much start up services and applications of windows. (Startup disabled:googletalk,  Skype & google update. BOOT.INI: set check /NOGUIBOOT checkbox)
2. Google update must be uninstalled.

Two applications in continuous used by Grmtech employees are:
1. Spark
2. Firefox.

4 tabs which are opened in firefox and used by Grmtech employees are:
1. gmail
2. crm
3. couple of google spreadsheets with lots of sub sheets and data in them.
4. browsing

We need to make sure that when the above two applications are running the system remains responsive.

IM : Do we use Spark or Exodus?

Advantages of Exodus: It’s hierarchical architecture makes it very easy to find any specific person/contact, as the menu is pretty organized just like multilevel tree. Multilevel structure is better for a group having more members.
Tweak:
Exodus can be customized by modifying it’s supporting file Exodus.xml (<OS_Drive>:Documents and Settings<user_account_name>Application DataExodusExodus.xml)
Problem statement
: Exodus must support web chat.

Virtualizing the desktops to reduce the total cost of ownership.

Tuesday, November 4th, 2008

Objective: Manage the desktops better. More explained in

Current scenario: 60 desktops with roaming profile. These desktops have been installed using Norton ghost images.

Future scenario: Being able to maintain one image copy that is installed on all the 60 desktops and can be synchronized each week end. So that on each week end every desktop gets the standard desktop this will allow us to:
1. Roll out software updates and new software on desktop easily.
2. Standardize the versions and programs on each of the desktops.
3. Other generic advantages of desktop virtualization.

Softwares considered:
A. Virtualbox
B. Vmware. : Chose this since 1. Skype installed on this but not on virtualbox. 2. Has a better management infrastructure compared to virtualbox.

File formats considered and chosen:
1. .vdi format.
2.  .vmdk -> Chose this since both virtualbox and vmware can use this format.

The software stack on each desktop:
Base OS : Centos
Application running the container OS: Vmware player 2.5.1
Container OS: WinXP SP2

Steps to create a new OS image:

Option A: If you are comfortable editing the VMware virtual server config file by hand.

For details read:
http://www.ffnn.nl/pages/articles/linux/vmware-player-image-creation.php

2 Basic steps:
1. download to the same directory:
http://www.ffnn.nl/media/articles/linux/vmware-player-images/20G-ide.zip
http://www.ffnn.nl/media/articles/linux/vmware-player-images/template-windows.vmx

2. Double click on the vmx file and boot using the cd rom drive

Option B: If you need a GUI to create the virtual server
Download and use the Vmware server from http://www.vmware.com/products/server/

To know more about vmware

http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=desktop+virtualization
http://www.vmware.com/solutions/desktop/

Decisions encountered and made

1. Will the web camera work ? Yes it worked fine with VmPlayer

2. Is the performance penalty acceptable ? After installing VmTools for windows yes it was
What are VmTools ? http://www.petri.co.il/virtual_install_vmware_tools.htm

Also follow the other steps listed on: http://www.petri.co.il/virtual_increase_vmware_performance.htm

3. Do we use Vmware player or Vmware ESXi ?
Advantage of Vmware ESXi: Comes with an inbuilt lean optimized linux based OS so no need to install centos as our base OS. But ESXi makes the client a dumb display device and does not use the processing power on the client hence decided to use the VMware player.

4. Do we need X windows and Window manager ?
We need X Windows but we do not need Window manager like Gnome or Kde.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_manager

5. What is the script that will boot into Centos and take person to XP desktop so a end user has a seamless experience ?

Step1: Edit /etc/inittab file and make following modifications:-
a. id:3:initdefault: -> id:5:initdefault:

Step2: Have a single line line in .xsession in the root’s home folder:
vmplayer -X /gt/fsrvthis/winxp-current.vmdk
This way, when the program is closed, X will exit. The -X makes it start full-screen.
For more information read: http://communities.vmware.com/message/328738

Step3: ln -s ~/.xsession ~/.xinitrc (This will make a symbolic link .xinitrc to .xsession)

Step4: chmod 700 ~/.xsession (Give execute permission to .xsession).

6. How to roll out a standard CentOS on multiple machines? What is the configuration of the base os ?
We use Kickstart here is the manual

The configuration of the base OS is:
1. Kernel 2.  sshd  3.  X Windows without any window manager 4. emacs 5. lynx
IP address in the sapce: 10.1.35.x where x is 100+workstationnumber

Kickstart file used by grmtech is kept inside out svn repo.

Use the %post section of the kickstart file to:
1. Set the name server to 10.1.21.1 in resolv.conf
2.In rc.local set to execute /gt/server-config/base.desktops.grmtech/everytimeafterboot.php
3. Install vmplayer.
4. Copy the winxp-os-latest.vmdk from sama server to /gt/fsrvthis/winxp-os-current.vmdk
5. Set the ssh server to run on port 99

The services that are checked in ntsysv are:
1. network
2. acpid
3. apmd
4. irq_balance
5. cpuspeed
6. haldaemon
7. readahead_early
8. readahead_later
9. sshd
10. syslog
11. smartd
12. yum_updatesd

7. How is the OS image pushed out ?
Pushing out the base OS: Using PXE. Here is the PXE Manual
Pushing out the VmWare OS
On the samba server there is a directory called virtualization/desktop/ and there is a file called winxp-os-allconfigured-phase4.vmdk
The rsync (make sure –partial option is used during rsync) is done in push mode from the samba server and when the base centos on the desktop given to the end user boots it Checks if there is a file called winxp-os-allconfigured-phase4.vmdk and if this file is existing:
1. It deletes winxp-os-allconfigured-current.vmdk and
2. then rename winxp-os-allconfigured-phase4.vmdk to winxp-os-allconfigured-current.vmdk

8. Do we use a single disk file to store the OS or multiple disk files ?
A single disk file of 20 GB.

9. What are the os images that are stored for debug and upgrade reasons ?
winxp-os-freshinstall-phase1.vmdk
winxp-os-windowsupdatesdone-phase2.vmdk
winxp-os-msofficeinstalled-phase3.vmdk
winxp-os-allconfigured-phase4.vmdk
10. What is the current problems to solve?
A. Two times the password needs to be entered when the system is started once in linux and then in windows.
B. During shutdown two times the shutdown needs to be done.
C. The vmware comes on the top while in windows.

Portable Personal OS in Your Pocket

Tuesday, October 28th, 2008

I liked the “roaming desktop” strategy very much basically for its flexibility.  It allows end-users to access their desktop just as they left it, improving work-flow and maintaining a consistent and familiar working environment.

But this is possible within a server, connected through local area network. Wouldn’t it have been great, if we can access our own personalized (customized) OS settings along with all installed software & personal documents anywhere (i.e. any remote or stand-alone work station).

Thy power is ours now

Thy power is ours now

Linux, being open source, is modified by different programmers and is capable of providing this opportunity (far more flexible than other OS like Windows).

The Bottom Line:
you can install Linux in your USB pen drive (memory stick), which is persistent.

That simply means: you just insert your memory stick to any workstation & start working as if you wold have done at your own work station. Then edit documents, install software and save them to your memory stick. And the next time you boot into any other work station with that stick, you’ll find all your settings, works, software etc are saved.

You can boot to linux using Knopix, ubuntu or any live CD, but they are not persistent as you can’t write back your work etc to the cd. Hence using live USB is more flexible and faster.

To install & operate linux from within your pen drive, you need to have a ubuntu or any other live CD. You may download the ubuntu live CD iso and burn it using Nero or you can simply order free ubuntu live CD. After ordering you’ll get the CD(s) within 6-8 weeks. Shipping is also free…you just need to order. Only problem is time. A span of 6-8 weeks is very long period to me.

You can also install any other version of linux distributions like kubuntu, edubuntu etc. But Knopix & ubuntu are mostly used.

Having my personalized desktop & documents with all the customized applications, I require, in my pocket makes me feel better, homely. :) Very homely.

More over, you’ll not have the fear of being infected by virus when you exchange data with a foreign work station.

How to install:

A descriptive installation process may be found here: http://www.pendrivelinux.com/2008/10/15/ubuntu-810-persistent-flash-drive-install-from-live-cd/ It says about installing ubuntu 8.10 (latest version till now). You can find your favorite distributions also.

You need to have a pen drive 1Gb or more avail this opportunity. And no linux or technical knowledge is required. If you don’t have a pen drive with 1 GB capacity, you may want to take a look at this article.